2.1. EVERYDAY LIFE
There's a glossary, a nice collection of games and other activities you can use in the classroom. The pictures of actual students and the handsome parchment background help to make this site easy on the eyes and a popular choice of students. Your students can even learn about each of the kids from Salford Hills Elementary School in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania who built this project. Maria Hastings School in Lexington, Massachusetts houses this student-generated collection of links on colonial life long before "the shot heard round the world." Topics covered include Who Lived Here Before the Colonists? , Lexington Family History, Colonial Life, Colonial Crafts, Important Lexington People and their Families, Historic Homes and Ye Old Grave Yard. There's also a treatment of British soldiers and the infamous battle that began the Revolution for those teachers who would like to extend their studies into the period of the war. The Soap Factory offers this fabulous history of soap from Babylon to modern times looking especially at soap in the American colonies and the chemistry of soap. Perhaps more of a primer for teachers, this is a great resource if you'd like to make soap with your students as part of your colonial studies. [1]
The Chronicles include a timeline of events from 1760 on, Perspectives emphasizes daily life in the colonies, and the Road to Revolution is actually an interactive online game that engages students as active participants in the Revolutionary War. The second colony on Roanoke Island was left deserted in 1587 with no trace of the colonists. When ships returned to England for additional supplies they were detained for three years while Queen Elizabeth fought the Spanish Armada. This excellent ThinkQuest Junior presents this historical mystery in the first person by earthlings who now live in cyberspace. Creative and intriguing, this is a great study of Roanoke Island. Created by Caleb Johnson, a member of the General Society of Mayflower Descendants, this site is "Mayflower Central" with all the links you need to study the coming of the Pilgrims to what is now Massachusetts: passenger lists, documents, wills, journals, history of the voyages and the village, and new genealogical resources. Chocked full of primary sources and interesting anecdotes, this site nicely complements the Plimoth Plantation web site. [1]
No contemporary study of early America is complete without an examination of the indigenous peoples who lived here before the arrival of the Europeans. Presenting Native American technology and art, NativeTech showcases art, craft, games, toys, food, and recipes by presenting traditional technologies without labeling them 'primitive.' Waaban Aki native Tara Prindle hosts this extensive site which emphasizes the life and accomplishments of the peoples of the eastern woodlands. Paula Giese presents this interesting text and graphic presentation on pre-European Native American dwellings. There are structures such as the igloo, the buffalo-hide tipi, the pueblo, the hogan, the earth-covered lodge, and many more. While not every structure includes its own link, they each are sketched out for easy visual identification. This is the online presence of the Massachusetts living history museum set in the early 1800s. It offers a wonderful view of small town life in early America through virtual tours, educational materials and multimedia presentations. The panoramic 360 degree views of the actual village are visually engaging, and the Critter Counter, games and puzzles and teacher resources (especially the online tour of the village) make this a rich resource for your classroom. [1] Have Fun with History: Colonial America : American colonial life existed just shy of 180 years before the United States of America emerged as a nation independent of British rule. These formative years are reflected with free streaming videos from Have Fun with History. [2] ". provides a wide range of historical information on the period in U.S. history between 1565-1760." Beautifully illustrated and presented with information arranged around fifteen subject areas such as Native North Americans, Government and Law, Community Life, Women, Religion, Science and Medicine and much more. [3]
How many histories of The American People are we in? None. I would like to leave the last words to my friend, Lewis Gannett, who is a historian, (he went to Harvard), and who has spent many years of his life fighting to get Tripp's great gay Lincoln book out there, against almost insuperable conditions, and treated with respect: "Why should Benemann's inability to pinpoint forensic-level proof be trumped by Godbeer's blindness to the richness, the detail, the sheer eloquence of these voices from the past, voices that so strongly speak to passion--to be plain about it, to dick in ass! Benemann's lack of definitive 'proof' is so much stronger than Godbeer's almost hysterical insistence that little homo sex can be entertained as historical reality." [4]
The use of the death penalty in Middlesex also fluctuated significantly during the same time periods, going from 70 per year between 1608 and 1617 to 35 annually for the period 1625-1648, and rising again to 43 per year between 1650 and 1658. From the statistics given above it can be concluded that a number of people died as a result of the use of peine forte et dure while a much larger number suffered the death penalty and loss of their property through forfeiture. One of the few options available to preserve both one's life and one's property was to appeal to "benefit of clergy." If successful, this meant that the case would be transferred from the secular Crown court into a church court. Because ecclesiastical trials were conducted by compurgation (neighbors of the defendant were permitted to testify and swear to his veracity), with no factual evidence except that presented by the defense, benefit of clergy facilitated acquittals. [5]
Descriptions of early American life, colonial times and on through the 20th century. [6] "Describes the daily life and important events in the American colonies during the time of British rule." [3] Taxation in Colonial America examines life in the thirteen original American colonies through the revealing lens of the taxes levied on and by the colonists. [7] Hispanic role in colonial America. Explore this Thinkquest site that presents life in colonial times, for American kids. The Christian Science Monitor presents this article. [6] The premier site on daily life in Colonial America - the only way to see more is to visit there in person; virtual tours, awesome images, scholarly documents, teacher resources, and a wonderful set of materials on Christmas in colonial times. [1]
An extensive annotated list of Internet Websites containing information about life in colonial America, including historical information, maps, information on specific colonies, historic sites, plantations, holidays, everyday life, Indians, literature and more. [3] The Almanack section provides a colonial dateline, information on famous colonial places and people, as well as information on everyday life in the colonies. [3] The home of George Washington's adult life, Mount Vernon is a Mecca for tourists visiting the Washington, DC area. Here online you can access much of the information about George Washington and life on his estate without ever having to leave the classroom. This section of educational resources does a nice job of presenting colonial life on a Virginia plantation. [1] Presented in plain text for ease of use no matter what browser you're using, the page also includes nursery rhymes, tongue twisters and riddles. This ThinkQuest entry does a great job of presenting colonial life in southeastern Pennsylvania, including homes, schools, clothing, transportation, chores, occupations and Native Americans. [1]
Collect clues to uncover answers to 7 questions about colonial life in the 1700s. Then prove your skills as a history detective by discovering "What's wrong with this picture?" This site features the lives of the Daggetts, a real family who lived on a farm in the town of Coventry, Connecticut. [1] Links to over 100 Websites dealing with various aspects of colonial life in America. [3] Colonial Life. Research such aspects of colonial life as dwellings, commerce, foods, government, and dependence on England, France or Spain. [8]
A majority of New England residents were small farmers. Within these small farm families, and English families as well, a man had complete power over the property and his wife. When married, an English woman lost her maiden name and personal identity, meaning she could not own property, file lawsuits, or participate in political life, even when widowed. The role of wives was to raise and nurture healthy children and support their husbands. Most women carried out these duties. In the mid-18th century, women usually married in their early 20s and had 6 to 8 children, most of whom survived to adulthood. [9]
"Discusses the day-to-day aspects of country and city life in the American colonies for a variety of people including members of different professions, specific immigrant groups, and slaves." [3] Daily life and history of Colonial America and the thirteen original colonies. [10] One of the most famous was Benjamin Franklin of Philadelphia, who was a runaway printer's apprentice - and thus a law breaker - at the age of 17. He was a newspaper owner when he was 24 and a rich (and retired) commercial printer by the time he was 42. A business man, public servant, statesman, and inventor, Franklin's greatest achievment was in proving, by his own life and example, that a man humbly born in colonial America could become the equal of anyone, anywhere. [11] Builders of America: The Jewish Heritage "Builders of America" is part of an exhibit that celebrates the many peoples who built America in partnership. The Atlantic Slave Trade and Slave Life in the Americas: A Visual Record This searchable collection of a thousand images is useful to teachers, researchers, students, and the general public. [12] Students explore economic aspects of colonial life including employment, resources, and boycotts. Students explore Plymoth colonial life, answer questions, and write a series of letters through this web-based lesson plan with teacher notes. [13] New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1993. This set is divided into 17 parts, including "Colonial Settings," "Labor Systems," "The Social Fabric," "Folkways," "Families and the Life Course," "The Arts," "Education," "Religion," etc. Find "women" in the index in volume three for an extensive list of subtopics. [14]
Two "much-requested sourcebooks on colonial life. in continual demand since. original publication." [3] Activity ideas about colonial life from the birthplace of General Robert E. Lee. [13] Collect clues to uncover answers to 7 questions about colonial life in the 1700s. [12] Our own Jerry Blumengarten's (aka CybraryMan's) collection of hot links to best resources online for studying colonial life. [1]
Plymouth, Massachusetts. 1620's. This is daily life from the point of view of the Native Americans living in the area where the Pilgrims settled. [8] Explore an 1830s village in Sturbridge, Massachusetts. This Thinkquest site for younger kids presents information about pioneer life, hardships, towns, biographies of real pioneers, activities, quizzes, and more. [6] The Alaska State Library provides a collection of photographs covering life during the Klondike gold rush. PBS presents information about those who traveled to Alaska to discover gold. Find out what these travellors brought with them, and what their lives were like. [6] A ThinkQuestJr. entry on the founding of the United States with as much emphasis on everyday life as major events, The Birth of a Nation showcases people, places and events that helped form our early existence in the new world. [1]
Bread shortages had always been a fact of Parisian life, productive of nothing more serious than an occasional riot. It was only after the middle classes made the first breach in the defences of the privileged elite that the ordinary people of France began to take a hand in the game. While the Constitutent Assembly discussed the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the abolition of aristocratic privileges, the market women of Paris took the opportunitiy of demonstrating their disapproval of the fact that, after a series of disastrious harvests, a four-pound loaf now cost 14 1/2 sous. [15]
Through seven lessons, students learn about the location of the Plymoth colony, life aboard the Mayflower, hardships faced by the colonists, and more. [13] An instructional unit that can be completed online or off. Students explore their family trees, make a venn diagram comparing modern life and pilgrim life, design a vehicle to travel to the New World, and perform a play about living as a Pilgrim. [13] Gr. 3+. An indentured servant, Charlie Brig comes to America seeking a prosperous life and finds instead that he is indentured to an impossibly cruel man, the only escape from whom is to cast his lot with the runaway slaves. [8] ". we need to look at the documents closest to peasant life, drawn up by those who knew them well, to obtain the completest and most accurate information. The words which appear most often in these numerous and humble texts are 'bread' and 'corn'. Vorn, bled as they spelled it, was defined as any cereal which could be used to make bread. [15] More than just the founder of the state of Pennsylvania, William Penn's life is rich with heritage, writing talent and his strong Quaker faith. more. [16] Acts of rebellion or insurrection were punishable by life imprisonment or the one-half estate forfeiture. [5]
The illustrations come from a mural painted by N. C. Wyeth for the New York Metropolitan Life Building in 1940. The text is San Souci's and he uses it to expand and narrate the paintings. [8] Although a work of fiction, the book sticks quite closely to the facts and gives us a personal look at the day to day life in Plymouth. [8] William Penn: William Penn, Visionary Proprietor (Tuomi J. Forrest, Virginia) -- Brief introduction to Penn's life. [11] One type of impromptu vernacular jig for which descriptions survive had an extremely long and cross-cultural life. It was called a ?cut-out jig,? ?Virginia jig,? or ?Negro jig? in eighteenth-century records and was probably derived from African-American roots. [17]
Beginning in the 1720s, after many years of hard life and starvation, the next generation of planters began to construct large Georgian-style mansions,and hunt deer from horseback. [9]
RANKED RECOMMENDED SOURCES
(17 source documents numbered in order of appearance in text)
1. Innovative Teaching - Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/20.html
3. Internet Public Library: Pathfinders
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/11.html
8. Children's Literature Newsletter Vol 1, No 2. pg 5
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/17.html
6. American History - Homework Center - Multnomah County Library
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/34.html
13. Thematic Units - Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/27.html
9. Colonial history of the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/3.html
12. U.S. History - Colonial
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/37.html
11. Colonial, Revolutionary, and Early America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/19.html
15. The Food Timeline: history notes--Colonial America and 17th & 18th century France
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/36.html
5. Forfeiture in England and Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/50.html
10. Colonial America - The Thirteen Original Colonies
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/2.html
4. Larry Kramer: Homo Sex in Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/30.html
14. American Women's History: Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/33.html
17. DANCES OF COLONIAL AMERICA
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/40.html
16. Colonial America | Suite101.com
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/44.html
2. ColonialLife
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/10.html
7. Rabushka, A.: Taxation in Colonial America.
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/32.html
1. Innovative Teaching - Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/20.html
3. Internet Public Library: Pathfinders
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/11.html
8. Children's Literature Newsletter Vol 1, No 2. pg 5
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/17.html
6. American History - Homework Center - Multnomah County Library
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/34.html
13. Thematic Units - Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/27.html
9. Colonial history of the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/3.html
12. U.S. History - Colonial
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/37.html
11. Colonial, Revolutionary, and Early America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/19.html
15. The Food Timeline: history notes--Colonial America and 17th & 18th century France
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/36.html
5. Forfeiture in England and Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/50.html
10. Colonial America - The Thirteen Original Colonies
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/2.html
4. Larry Kramer: Homo Sex in Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/30.html
14. American Women's History: Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/33.html
17. DANCES OF COLONIAL AMERICA
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/40.html
16. Colonial America | Suite101.com
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/44.html
2. ColonialLife
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/10.html
7. Rabushka, A.: Taxation in Colonial America.
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/32.html
2.2. GEORGIAN STYLE
T he aim of ColonialAmerica.com is to provide a window into the people, history, culture and ideas of America from about 1585 to 1799 (yes, we go just a bit past what would technically be defined as the "colonial" era). Included during this time were such significant events as the settling of Roanoke, Jamestown, and Plymouth, the Salem witch trials, the French and Indian War, the American Revolution, and ratification of the Constitution. In pursuit of this aim, our initial goals will be to provide original content from the colonial era as well as highlight just released books and videos, reenactments and other events. [1]
Colonial America was the time in American history when Europeans first set up permanent settlements on the North American continent. It started in 1607 when the first English settlers landed at Jamestown, Virginia. It ended with the Revolutionary War when the settlements were no longer colonies but part of a new nation. Throughout this period, people left their homes in the Old World (Europe) to settle in the New World (the Americas). American settlers started to build houses, start farms, and settle in to their new homes. [2]
Under the heading of The Early Modern World is Colonial North America, which includes documents on Early Conquest and Exploitation, Political Forms, Virginia, New England, Middle Atlantic, American Society. Smithsonian: Within These Walls The National Museum of American History presents the history of a 250-year-old house built in the mid-1760s, in Ipswich, Massachussetts and five of the families that occupied it. The site helps one understand the great events of the nation's past through these families. Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture (OIEAHC) The College of William and Mary and The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation founded the Institute of Early American History and Culture in 1943 and still jointly sponsor its work. [3]
Noriega had also caused a number of problems for U. S. agencies trying to track down and seize drug profits as forfeitable assets. He allowed such monies to be safely harbored in Panamanian banks or wired them undetected to other countries where they could later be returned to the U. S. as clean money. In 1989, the U. S. Justice Department claimed it had the right to seize foreign citizens involved in drug trafficking and forcibly bring them to the United States for trial. Indictments for Noriega existed in Miami and Tampa, thus justifying his capture by U. S. military forces. Such a policy was already in de facto use when Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) officials captured Rene Verdugo-Urquidez, one of the alleged killers of U. S. drug agent Kiki Camarena in Mexico and transported him across the border to stand trial in Los Angeles. Recently, Verdugo-Urquidez lost his appeal in the U. S. Supreme Court that damaging documents were taken from his home in Mexico by D.E.A. agents acting without search warrants. Even the British did not extradite to England suspected colonial smugglers but allowed them to be tried in American courts. That was a fear in the colonies and a reason for the inclusion of the Sixth Amendment in the Bill of Rights. [4]
The resource guide offers many worthwhile online links connected to each section and the teacher's guide gives you names and places for further student study. This site brings together all kinds of historic early American documents, trivia, life in Colonial times, a colonial crossword puzzle; "a unique array of original newspapers, maps and writings come to life on your screen just as they appeared to our forebears more than 200 years ago." Full of primary sources, this site can serve as a digital colonial newspaper for your classroom. [5] Students use an online "account book" to help solve seven riddles about life in colonial America. The web site of the Noah Webster House presents this clean, quick-loading page discussing toys and past times of children in the colonies, which includes a nice listing of toys and games plus an image of a colonial game board that students can print out and use to make their own original games. [5]
After spending many years in Holland exiled from the English Church, the Puritans were seeking a new life of religious freedom in America. All 102 of the passengers were referred to as the "Pilgrims" after they arrived. The group had obtained a Patent from the London Virginia Company which indentured them into service for the Company for seven years after they arrived and settled. To prepare for their life in America, they had sought advice from people who had already visited the New World. Among their advisors was Captain John Smith who, earlier, had helped found Jamestown for the Virginia Company. It took sixty six days to reach New England and the journey was very hard for these non-seafarers. When they arrived they anchored off the tip of Cape Cod, in an area now known as Massachusetts, and before they even set foot on shore they wrote, and all the men signed, an agreement called the " Mayflower Compact " that would set the rules to guide them through the early, hard times of establishing a new community. [6]
Children slept in a loft above, while the kitchen was either part of the hall or was located in a shed along the back of the house. Because colonial families were large, these small dwellings had much activity and there was little privacy. By the middle of the 18th century, this way of life was facing a crisis as the region's population had nearly doubled each generation???from 100,000 in 1700 to 200,000 in 1725, to 350,000 by 1750???because farm households had many children, and most people lived until they were 60 years old. As colonists in Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island continued to subdivide their land between farmers, the farms became too small to support single families. This overpopulation threatened the New England ideal of a society of independent yeoman farmers. [7]
Here at Archiving Early America, you will discover a wealth of resources -- a unique array of primary source material from 18th Century America. Scenes and portraits from original newspapers, maps and writings come to life on your screen just as they appeared to this country's forebears more than two centuries ago. As you browse through these pages, you will find it easier to understand the people, places and events of this significant time in the American experience. [8]
The chart lists the date each colony was founded, the individuals associated with the founding, and whether it became a Royal colony. Colonial History Quiz Do you have what it takes to be considered a Colonial History guru? Can you make it all the way to the final question? Take this quiz to find out. Timeline of American History: 1600 - 1625 Take a look at the very beginning of United States history with this timeline created by your Guide. Colonial America Timeline: 1626-1650 Use these American History Timelines to find the key events that happened in America's past. This timeline focuses on the years 1626-1650. Colonial America Timeline: 1651-1675 Use these American History Timelines to find the key events that happened in America's past. This timeline focuses on the years 1651-1675. [9] General American history print resources that are highly recommended are The Encyclopedia Americana (Grolier, 2001 -- Look under "Colonial Life," pp. 280-298), Dictionary of American History (Scribner's, 1976, 8 volumes), Encyclopedia of American History, 7th ed. (Harper Collins, 1996 -- "the best all-around one-volume encyclopedia of American history [10]
Carolyn Phelan Copyright American Library Association. Readers will be amazed by the stories of such remarkable colonial women as Mumbet, a slave who won her freedom in a Massachusetts courtroom in the 1780s; Mercy Warren, whose passionate plays about the Revolution thrust her onto the theater scene as America's first female playwright; and Peggy Arnold, the wife of Benedict Arnold, who was as formidable a spy as her notorious husband. With these enlightening profiles, Mary Rodd Furbee brings these strong and influential women to life to encourage, inspire, and delight young readers. [11]
Colonial Hall is now proud to have the first seven chapters of the full-length biography of Gouverneur Morris, by Jared Sparks. George did what?! The Declaration of Independence - A line by line history Most are familiar with the beginning of the Declaration of Independence, "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." [12]
Peasant food Daily meals for the "average" person consisted of bread, pottage (gruel from ground beans or soup with vegetables and perhaps a little meat), fruit, berries & nuts (in season) and wine. If you need to make/take something to class to signify this particular period in French history we suggest basic a loaf of French bread and a simple dish of potatoes. These would have been foods consumed daily by most of the people at that time. Here is a recipe. with historic notes. for "Pommes de Terre a L'Econome," Cuisinier Republicaine 1795: "Although potatoes could have been grown in France earlier, it was not until the French Revolution in 1789 that this precious vegetable was accepted by the French. The French accepted it only because famine, and the economic exigencies of the Revolution, forced it on them. The potato had long been considered poisonous in France, but once the French tried it and survived, they showed a surprising amount of enthusiasm for this "new" food. [13] Here you will find a wealth of information about quilting, including a challenge to the popular belief that women had time to quilt in colonial America! You can find old time quilting terms, the true history of the sewing machine and quilt styles in early America. This is the online site for the colonial Plimoth Plantation in Massachusetts. [5]
U.S. History (URL: http://www.carolhurst.com/subjects/ushistory/ushistory.html ) Our U.S. History Section has articles, historical fiction and activities for integrating U.S. History with children's literature. In Times Past (URL: http://www.carolhurst.com/products/intimes.html ) Here you'll find information on our professional book In Times Past where you'll find a lot more information similar to this Featured Subject section for teachers integrating U.S. History with children's literature. [14] Hakim has brought a fresh voice to U. S. History for young readers. These three volumes of her History of U. S. series cover the time period under discussion. Her style is breezy. Her facts accurate and the sidebars and captions make the books as good for browsing as they are for careful reading. [14]
I n 1497 John Cabot sailed from Bristol, England on commission "to seek out. regions. of the heathen." He made a landing in Canada, laid claim to the region and hurried home. There the delighted king rewarded him with 50 pounds "to have a good time with". This was England's first meeting of the new world. Then one day in December of 1606, a little over a hundred Englishmen crowded onto three small ships, the Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery.They set sail from London for what one of the men hopefully called "Virginia, Earth's only paradise". This became known as the colony of Jamestown. [15]
"Thank God for tea!" wrote the British clergyman and essayist Reverend Sydney Smith (17711845), one of many to pay impassioned tribute to the world's most popular infusion. Prior to its importation to Europe by Dutch traders around 1610, tea was virtually unknown to Westerners, who routinely began their day with a mug of beer or ale. Three exotic beverages - coffee, tea, and chocolate - arrived in seventeenth-century Europe at a time of burgeoning exploration and trade, and their arrival caused a near revolution in drinking habits. Celebrated by some, deplored by others, these stimulating brews gave rise to a number of important social institutions, such as the coffeehouse, the tea garden, and the ritual of afternoon tea. At first valued for their curative powers, they were soon counted among the necessities of daily life, and the utensils used in their preparation and service became essential as well. [16]
Some merchants exploited the vast amounts of timber along the coasts and rivers of northern New England. They funded sawmills that supplied cheap wood for houses and shipbuilding. Hundreds of New England shipwrights built oceangoing ships, which they sold to British and American merchants. Many merchants became very wealthy by providing their goods to the agricultural population and ended up dominating the society of sea port cities. Unlike yeoman farmhouses, these merchants resembled the lifestyle of that of the upper class of England living in elegant two-and-a-half story houses designed the new Georgian style. These Georgian houses had a symmetrical fa??ade with equal numbers of windows on both sides of the central door. The interior consisted of a passageway down the middle of the house with specialized rooms such as a library, dining room, formal parlour, and master bedroom off the sides. Unlike the multi-purpose halls and parlours of the yeoman houses, each of these rooms served a separate purpose. In a Georgian house, men mainly used certain rooms, such as the library, while women mostly used the kitchen. These houses contained bedrooms on the second floor that provided privacy to parents and children. [7]
This does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Although the colonies were very different from one another, they were still a part of the British Empire in more than just name. Socially, the colonial elite of Boston, New York, Charleston, and Philadelphia saw their identity as British. Although many had never been to England, they imitated British styles of dress, dance, and etiquette. This social upper echelon built its mansions in the Georgian style, copied the furniture designs of Thomas Chippendale, and participated in the intellectual currents of Europe, such as Enlightenment. To many of their inhabitants, the seaport cities of colonial America were truly British cities. [7] Cotillions were introduced in America in the early 1770s. It is interesting to note that the longways English country dance type has remained in use to the present in New England, having been the fashionable group dance when much of that area was settled. The cotillion was at its height of fashion in urban ballrooms between 1780 and 1810, a period during which many European migrants arrived in eastern cities, and many others left for new homes over the mountains. [17]
Chronicling Black Lives in Colonial New England Concise Christian Science Monitor feature from the October 29, 1997 edition. Life in Early America This 3-5 grade lesson plan was written by Kimberly Cox Burkett and Brenda Morton. [3]
Rabushka takes a comprehensive look at the external taxes imposed on the colonists by Britain, the Netherlands, and Sweden, as well as internal direct taxes like poll and income taxes. He examines indirect taxes like duties and tonnage fees, as well as county and town taxes, church and education taxes, bounties, and other charges. He links the types and amounts of taxes with the means of payment--be it gold coins, agricultural commodities, wampum, or furs--and he compares tax systems and burdens among the colonies and with Britain. This book brings the colonial period to life in all its rich complexity, and shows how colonial attitudes toward taxation offer a unique window into the causes of the revolution. [18] Visit Colonial Williamsburg and see life in a Virginia colony of 250 years ago. [19] The original estate of the Lees of Virginia, Stratford Hall remains a living museum for all who wish to see life on a colonial plantation. [5]
This guide is designed to help students of all ages find resources on colonial American history and culture by using both Internet and print resources. The primary focus of this pathfinder is life in colonial America leading up to but not including the American Revolution. [10] The materials included in the Famous Trials website are original works of authorship, government records, works for which copyright protection has expired, works reprinted with permission, or works the webmaster believes are within the fair use protection of the copyright laws. Scientific American Frontiers: Unearthing Secret America In this episode archaeologists shed new light on life in colonial America and the lives of slaves. [3]
Furbee makes some interesting choices. For instance, Betsy Ross is included not as the maker of the first American flag, a claim that the author notes is debatable, but as a woman who "plotted her own course in life, founded a new religious group, survived three husbands, and built a thriving family business." [11]
Ironically, it was the cotillion that was carried west and was the basis of traditional American square dancing, recently declared our ?national folk dance? and far more associated with cowboy culture than the French ballrooms that gave it birth. Among other dances in the new French style were those which came to be known as jigs and hornpipes?the names were used interchangeably at this time. These were free-form, display dances for one or two dancers. [17] Hello and welcome to my homepage! This is a place for teachers to find great activities for incorporating the Colonial American theme into their daily lesson plans. I teach 5th grade and I have used each of these ideas in my own classroom. [20]
While most of the folks who dined publicly were men, there are several primary accounts (journals, diaries, letters, etc.) written by women staying in colonial inns. Children of the owners, indentured servants, apprentices also ate in these places. What did they have to eat? Whatever the cook decided to make that day! These daily "Bills of Fare" were sometimes etched on a slate board. People were served together, and they could take as much as they wanted from communal bowls. [13]
In the eighteenth-century, dance events were one of the few venues that brought men and women together in a social setting. There they could publicly display themselves and their families, and solidify friendships that could help with business or political dealings. Since marriages created or continued power dynasties, these dances were important as showcases for eligible partners. On the frontier, dancing after community corn-husking certainly helped the romances of young people who spent their days on homesteads far distant from one another. On plantations, African-Americans weary from days of toil alone in the fields could gather in groups to relax with dances from their homeland across the sea. It was a chance to re-affirm themselves as a community. In all of these events, the participants enjoyed the pleasure of moving together in time, feeling a sense of oneness with each other and relishing the physical release from daily pressures and cares. [17] Overall, religion was an important aspect in the colonization of America. It became a dominant part of the lives of the colonists and continued to grow over the years. Events such as the Salem Witchcraft Trials of the 1690's and the Great Awakening of the 1730's only increased the influence of religion in America. America had become a refuge for those who wanted religious freedom and became a home to the many people that had the chance to improve their lives. [21] Do History: Martha Ballard DoHistory invites you to explore the process of piecing together the lives of ordinary people in the past. It is an experimental, interactive case study based on the research that went into the book and PBS film A Midwife's Tale, which were both based upon the remarkable 200 year old diary of midwife/healer Martha Ballard. [3] With more historical accuracy than many picture books, Sewell tells of the daily life of the people commonly referred to as Pilgrims. [14] Colonial Williamsburg Page for Kids : Explore and learn about the people, places, and experiences of Colonial Life. [22] Students play online games, print out puzzles, make a whirligig, and learn about various aspects of colonial life. [23] Learn about Betsy Ross, creator of the original U.S. flag, her life, her home and more. This site provides facts to help students understand the events that led to the Boston Tea Party. [19] From the History Channel, this site gives a timeline of the island, details a day in the life of an Ellis Island immigrant, and more. [19] Biography of Benjamin Franklin Here is an biography of Benjamin Franklin. His life as a scientist, writer, politician, elder statesmen, and diplomat was hugely significant in the history of America. [9] A collection of links to information about early life in America, early settlements and famous colonists. [10] Find information about people, places, events and life in colonial America. [19] Religion in Colonial America discusses the beginnings of religion in America, of the hardships during the growth of religion, and the importance of religion in colonial life. Author William Sweet provides readers with a secondary source of information with this book. [21]
Ordinary cuisine naturally remained closer to old-style cuisine, for reasons of cost and convenience. According to Brillat-Savarin who, who had gathered his information from the inhabitants of several departments, a dinner for ten persons around the year 1740 was composed of the following: First service. boiled meat an entree of veal cooked in its own juice; an hors-d'oeuvre. Dessert. cheese; fruit A pot of jam This order, with the succession of the boiled and roasted as its prinicpal distinguising characteristic, was to remain practically the same in private homes down to the end of the nineteenth century. [13]
French monarchs in the eighteetnh century became increasingly concerned with the possibility of popular uprisings due to bread shortages. To forestall that possibiltiy, they stocked wheat and promulgated new laws governing the sale of grain. Both responses appear to have improved the situation, but not everyone agreeed that this was the case. In The Bakers of Paris and the Bread Question, 1700-1775, Steven Kaplan has shown that when merchants followed the king's orders to stockpile grain, their actions were often interpreted as attempts to corner the market in order to drive up prices. Large-scale wheat purchases did in fact raise prices on local markets and force some people to go hungry, and critics saw this as evidence of a "famine conspiracy." Laws promoting free trade in grain, which ultimately stimulated new cereal production, had to be withdrawn or modified on several accasions in the face of vehement protests by various groups: the best known of these episodes was the "flour war" of 1775. Was the French government right to intervene in the food distribution system rather tahn lieave it, as in the past and as in some other coutnries, in the hands of municipal governments and private interests? It would have been difficult to have acted differently: whereas popular protest in the seventeenth century had been directed mainly against taxes, int eh eighteenth century it was directed maily against shortages of bread. Although these disturbances were not as severe as in previous centuries, they could not be neglected. [13]
"The foods served in Thomas Allen's tavern demonstrates the variety of foodstuffs available in agrarian America; the types of foods used, the kinds of dishes prepared and served at the City Coffee House and other taverns in urbanized areas did not vary significantly from what might have been found in a private home. Between January 9 and March 16, 1774, Allen purchased locally, and subsequently served to his customers, beef once, veal seven times, fowl and turkey five times, mutton twice, and lobsters, salmon, eels, oysters, duck, and other fish caughtin nearby Long Island Sound at least once. He kept stores of gammons (smoked ham or bacon), smoked and pickled tongue and beef, salt pork, crackers, butter, coffee, apples, and sugar on hand. [13] "A taste of history" (even if the food is made in contemporary kitchens with modern ingredients) introduces modern diners to meals of times past. [13] There are additional sections on the gardens found there, ongoing archeological digs and the history of the home. The Time Page presents this awesome synopsis of how each colony was formed with a collection of links that lead to further treasures for classroom study. [5]
Go back in time and investigate the daily lives of the Daggetts, a colonial family from northeastern Connecticut. [19] Colonial Williamsburg Home Page -- Aimed at tourists rather than scholars. [15] Think you know all about Colonial Life? Challenge yourself with these additional activities. [24]
Richly illustrated series dealing with all aspects of colonial life. [10] Beautifully illustrated, 10-volume set covering all aspects of colonial life. [10]
The true story of the Native American princess Pocahontas and her life between two cultures, beautifully told by Fritz's sure hand. [14] The early years, adventurers, 20th century, life in the past, amazing archives and tales from the bay. [19] Connecticut, 1688. Kit Tyler spent the first sixteen years of her life in the Barbados where rules were less restrictive. At Blackbird Pond, the only place where Kit feels free, she meets and befriends Hannah, a Quaker whom villagers suspect of witchcraft. [14]
Religion in 18th-Century America concentrates on the nation's first major religious revival, the Great Awakening, which took place from 1740-1745. [3] Mason's home state of Virginia had long made provision to save a wife's dower from forfeiture. [4] Kent, writing in 1826, listed Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Kentucky as states that prohibited forfeiture of estate except during the life of the offender. [4]
Article 3, Section 3, Clause 2 of the Constitution as finally drafted read: "The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason; but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, nor forfeiture, except during the life of the person attained". [4]
Acting as historical detectives, students try to explain events in the life of the Springer family in the late 1700s in Delaware. [5] DoHistory engages users interactively with historical documents and artifacts from the past and introduces visitors to the pivotal questions and issues raised when "doing" history. [3] To keyword search all Best of History Web Sites pages use the search engine located on the home page. [3] Barbados, as a wealthy sugarcane plantation island, was one of the early English colonies to use large numbers of Africans in plantation style agriculture. [7] English preacher George Whitefield and other itinerant preachers continued the movement, traveling across the colonies and preaching in a dramatic and emotional style. Followers of Edwards and other preachers of similar religiosity called themselves the "New Lights", as contrasted with the "Old Lights", who disapproved of their movement. To promote their viewpoints, the two sides established academies and colleges, including Princeton and Williams College. [7]
From the beginning, the British Empire's behaviour toward the colonies was an extraordinary paradox. To the settlers along the North Atlantic seaboard it generously granted home rule, but did everything to avoid their excercising it. It considered the colonists Englishmen, but denied them the same basic rights. [15] In 1623 two groups of English settlers, sent by Captain John Mason, arrived in what is now called New Hampshire (after John Masons home County of Hampshire) and established a fishing village near the mouth of the Piscataqua River. [6]
The style is very readable and holds your attention. The author does a good job of blending the important moments of history with enough of a personal portrait of the women, to make you want to keep turning the pages and learn more. [11] The History Channel : Each month the History Channel takes new explorations into the past and puts them on display for you, utilizing state-of-the-art interactive technology; listen to speeches drawn from the most famous broadcasts and recordings of the Twentieth Century. [22] " Why not why not why not? ask I. The man is a coward and simply not up to fighting off the Goodwinitis that is murdering our past, should he only recognize her highway robbery for what it is. "Figuring out what these romantic friendships meant to people living in the eighteenth century involves setting aside modern assumptions about love between members of the same sex." [25]
Three hundred and twenty-four people were exclusively employed on preparing the toothless monarch's food. This army was lodged in the Grand Commun, now the Hopital Militaire. At meal-times, the beat', that is to say, all the dishes shown on the menu, was borne in solemn procession, led by the First Maitre d'Hotel, himself accompanied by thirty-six serving gentlemen and twelve Masters bearing as a sign of seniority a silver-gilt baton, from the kitchens across the road into the palace, through a maze of galleries and corridors and finally to the King's table which was usually laid in his bedroom. Louis XIV generally ate alone, except when away from Versailles, he seldom if ever entertained another man and only admitted his family to his board on rare occasions when the Princes of the Blood wore their hats and he remained bareheaded, no doubt in order to convey that he was the host and at home, whereas th others were no more than transient guests. On rising, for his breakfast he took only a bouillon or a cup of sage tea, so that by the ten o'clock meal his appetite was keen and the matter serious; the following meal was prepared for one person. [13] Most colonial weddings & wedding feasts were held at home. Families served their guests the most expensive foods in the largest quantity in the best manner they could afford--not unlike today!. [13] The effective daily wage of a builder's labourer at the time was 18 sous. Throughout the 1790s far more serious food crises and riots were to bedevil the plans of the revolutionaries and their successors--and to sound a warning to the governments of other countries confronted with the problem of expanding towns and an unprecedented increase in population. [13] Where seventeenth-century sumptuary laws had kept newcomers at bay in the past, a new code of conduct developed that did not require legislation. The test of a gentleman was whether he had the time to absorb the mounting intricacies of taste, grace, fashion and elegance. [17]
Without a more adequate understanding of the way forfeiture laws were used and sometimes abused in the past, we may be doomed to repeat many of the same mistakes. [4]
Much of the architecture of the Middle Colonies reflects the diversity of its peoples. [7] If you think all the women of the colonies were home by the fire knitting sox, Mary Rodd Furbee has got quite a shock in store for you. Eliza Pinckney was a woman of such competence, skill and influence that upon her death, George Washington, himself, helped carry her coffin to rest. [11] Citizens of the colonies would deal with indenture on a daily basis. [26] Our founding fathers conspired, conscripted, and celebrated America's independence in taverns throughout the colonies. How were these places different from today's restaurants? For starters, families did not go out to eat for fun, like we do today. Most of the folks who ate in these places were travelers who were not lucky enough to stay in the homes of friends and family. [13]
The highway and missions became for many a romantic symbol of an idyllic and peaceful past. The " Mission Revival Style " was an architectural movement that drew its inspiration from this idealized view of California's past. [7] H-OIEAHC This site includes information about how to join the listserv, an archive of past discussions, and links to related Internet sources. Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher. [27]
There are lesson plans, pictures, and information about daily life. [3] The experiences of a ten year old girl adjusting to life in the woods without other children to play with. [14] A question and answer format book about life during the Mayflower voyage. [14] In the capitol, in Feburary 1792, shortages led to the outbreak of popular street protests, but, as William Sewell has noted, the men and women of Paris were rioting not for bread, the totemic staff of life, but for sugar, soap, and candles. [13]
About 10 percent enjoyed secondary schooling and funded grammar schools in larger towns. Most boys learned skills from their fathers on the farm or as apprentices to artisans. Few girls attended formal schools, but most were able to get some education at home or at so-called "Dame schools" where women taught basic reading and writing skills in their own houses. By 1750, nearly 90% of New England's women and almost all of its men could read and write. Many churches in New England established colleges to train ministers while Puritans founded many places of higher learning such as Harvard College in 1636 and Yale College in 1701. [7]
Most of the time it is a typical question of pinpointing an event far in the past. [6] The creator of the site, Dan Rosen, says "In honor of the 150th anniversary of the Donner Party, I created a daily log of the Donner Party's journey. [19] Historic Sites New for 2007! We've just added a new section on the homes of the founding fathers along with other historic sites of interest. Biographies with New Portraits Not only have we recently purchased the portraits of 20 founding fathers from Independence National Historic Park, we have also been travelling around the country taking pictures of their homes. Little by little you can expect to see these photographs and portraits added to our site. [12]
For several days I suffered what no tongue can tell for the best thing that ever happened to the State of Connecticut. It cut the churches loose from dependence on state support. It threw them wholly on their own resources and on God.They say ministers have lost their influence; the fact is, they have gained. By voluntary efforts, societies, missions, and revivals, they exert a deeper influence than ever they could by queues and shoe buckles, and cocked hats and gold-headed canes"(215). [21]
By 1770, a bushel of wheat cost twice as much as it did in 1720. Farmers also expanded their production of flaxseed and corn since flax was a high demand in the Irish linen industry and a demand for corn existed in the West Indies. Some immigrants who just arrived purchased farms and shared in this export wealth, but many poor German and Irish immigrants were forced to work as agricultural wage laborers. Merchants and artisans also hired these homeless workers for a domestic system for the manufacture of cloth and other goods. Merchants often bought wool and flax from farmers and employed newly-arrived immigrants, who had been textile workers in Ireland and Germany, to work in their homes spinning the materials into yarn and cloth. [7] As reenactors of the eighteenth century, every one of us would interact with indentured servants on a daily basis. [26] By the 18th century, the noble and wealthy classes were dining in the manner of "Grand Cuisine." Multi-course meals and elaborate service were the hallmarks of this style. [13]
The journal entries of a young indentured servant are short and successful in showing the character of the boy as well as depicting the daily life of Plymouth. [14] The fact was that all export of grain from France had been prohibited for the past hundred years. [13] "Blasphemers might deny God or the holy Trinity, declare that there are more than one God, or worship another god or goddess. In Boston in 1656, Captain Kemble was forced against his will to sit in the stocks for two hours. He was charged with "lewd and unseemly behavior" on the Sabbath. All Captain Kemble did was kiss his wife upon returning home after three long years at sea. [28]
An amazing resource for primary source information and for making the past come alive. [14]
RANKED RECOMMENDED SOURCES
(28 source documents numbered in order of appearance in text)
13. The Food Timeline: history notes--Colonial America and 17th & 18th century France
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/36.html
7. Colonial history of the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/3.html
14. Children's Literature Newsletter Vol 1, No 2. pg 5
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/17.html
3. U.S. History - Colonial
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/37.html
19. American History - Homework Center - Multnomah County Library
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/34.html
5. Innovative Teaching - Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/20.html
10. Internet Public Library: Pathfinders
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/11.html
4. Forfeiture in England and Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/50.html
11. Amazon.com: Outrageous Women of Colonial America: Mary Rodd Furbee: Books
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/38.html
17. DANCES OF COLONIAL AMERICA
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/40.html
15. Colonial, Revolutionary, and Early America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/19.html
21. Colonial America, 1607-1783
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/31.html
6. 13 Originals
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/29.html
9. Colonial America - The Thirteen Original Colonies
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/2.html
12. Colonial Hall: Biographies of America's Founding Fathers
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/22.html
26. Indentured Servitude in Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/46.html
22. ColonialLife
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/10.html
24. Colonial House . Interactive History | PBS
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/18.html
16. Coffee, Tea, and Chocolate in Early Colonial America | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/54.html
18. Rabushka, A.: Taxation in Colonial America.
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/32.html
20. "Colonial America" Activity Ideas for Elementary School
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/21.html
28. Crime and Punishment in Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/49.html
1. Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/15.html
23. Thematic Units - Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/27.html
25. Larry Kramer: Homo Sex in Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/30.html
27. American Women's History: Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/33.html
2. Our America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/26.html
8. Archiving Early America: Primary Source Material from 18th Century America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/25.html
13. The Food Timeline: history notes--Colonial America and 17th & 18th century France
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/36.html
7. Colonial history of the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/3.html
14. Children's Literature Newsletter Vol 1, No 2. pg 5
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/17.html
3. U.S. History - Colonial
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/37.html
19. American History - Homework Center - Multnomah County Library
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/34.html
5. Innovative Teaching - Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/20.html
10. Internet Public Library: Pathfinders
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/11.html
4. Forfeiture in England and Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/50.html
11. Amazon.com: Outrageous Women of Colonial America: Mary Rodd Furbee: Books
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/38.html
17. DANCES OF COLONIAL AMERICA
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/40.html
15. Colonial, Revolutionary, and Early America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/19.html
21. Colonial America, 1607-1783
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/31.html
6. 13 Originals
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/29.html
9. Colonial America - The Thirteen Original Colonies
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/2.html
12. Colonial Hall: Biographies of America's Founding Fathers
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/22.html
26. Indentured Servitude in Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/46.html
22. ColonialLife
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/10.html
24. Colonial House . Interactive History | PBS
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/18.html
16. Coffee, Tea, and Chocolate in Early Colonial America | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/54.html
18. Rabushka, A.: Taxation in Colonial America.
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/32.html
20. "Colonial America" Activity Ideas for Elementary School
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/21.html
28. Crime and Punishment in Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/49.html
1. Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/15.html
23. Thematic Units - Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/27.html
25. Larry Kramer: Homo Sex in Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/30.html
27. American Women's History: Colonial America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/33.html
2. Our America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/26.html
8. Archiving Early America: Primary Source Material from 18th Century America
http://iresearch-reporter.com/themes/trim_demo/6/Sources1/25.html